To Thief heads who played I and II and want more of it: play The Black Parade, an enormous mod 7 years in the making that is actually an entire new game.
For reference, the surface cache referred to in the article is similar to the one in Quake. Basically, you have a bunch of regular textures that you want to use when rasterizing your polygons. On top of that you want to blend low resolution lightmaps. These lightmaps need filtering (typically bilinear) to appear smooth when blended on top of the original texture.
It's wasteful to do this expensive filtering and blending every frame since the player typically sees those blended textures for a large number of frames when they're traversing the environment, so you keep a LRU cache of blended textures around. That's the surface cache.
Also worth mentioning for Thief fans: The Dark Mod started as a Doom 3 mod, but now is a completely standalone, free and open source game: https://www.thedarkmod.com/main/
Hundreds of missions, an amazing Radiant fork maintained by the team, as well as an active and passionate community. They are awesome.
People talk about the graphics, but it was the crescendo and decrescendo of guard sounds/singing/footsteps in Thief that made it one of the most immersive games I’ve ever played.
Yeah, the graphics were honestly kinda underwhelming, in particular the models were behind the curve compared to contemporary titles like Half-Life, and this didn't really improve with later titles like System Shock 2, where half the horror was the distorted textures stretched across the faces of the models.
I think what modern games have lost, that some of these late 90s titles absolutely nailed (Thief in particular), is the sound design and ambiance, which is just so dang evocative. Even the smallest incidental sounds had so much character. Picking up an item, pulling a lever, footsteps on the floor.
Modern games use such flat sounds for everything. Sure it's more realistic, at the cost of character and vibe.
Never played Thief, but I logged a lot of hours in Unreal, 1998. I was (and still am) amazed at how full-featured the software renderer was. I always wished I could peek at the code behind it.
If memory serves, the only thing my 3dfx Voodoo3 could do that software-only mode could not was surface reflections. Maybe something with colored lighting too, it's been a long time. Point is, it was a decent enough substitute for dedicated graphics hardware.
Did unreal have 16-bit color software rendering? Most software renderers back then that I recall only did 8-bit color and ran choppier than the 3D accelerated renderers on the hardware at the time. This made a pretty big difference especially with lighting in my experience.
I was too young to understand but I distinctly remember the 3Dfx version looking vastly better everywhere to my eyes. Reflections were amazing though. Could have been the higher resolution, or could have been the fact that I was playing on an older CPU at home at the time. I was jealous of the people with hardware acceleration.
But I remember Unreal being unreachable for me at that time because I couldn't even dream of getting a graphics accelerator and it won't even start with out a one, or was it the sound card requirement that was the blocker?
Everything up to (and including) Unreal Tournament had software rendering. It was one of the selling points when its competitor (Quake 3) was Hardware-accelerated-only.
I think it was the graphics card. I remember getting a paper route and waking up at 5am every morning to save up the money for my Voodoo card. Was absolutely mind blowing as a 13 year old.
The guys in OldUnreal have access to the source code AFAIRemember. Epic gave them the source code so they can produce those patches. They also improved the UT99 engine I think.
I'd love to see a modern interpretation of Terra Nova or Heavy Gear. There are few games about infantry equipped with powered battle suits and heavy weaponry, which I find sort of odd given how cool the concept is.
and "the Digital Antiquarian" just did a great, deep two-parter on the history of Looking Glass last autumn. (covers Thief, Thief 2, System Shock, and some forgotten oddities)
It's interesting to see parallel development of certain features in the early 3D era and how they were used. The original Prey by 3D Realms was shown in demos in 1997/98 with portal tech including rotating it in a level prop, so it's interesting and ties into the game fiction instead of being only functional to stitch map areas together. There's likely more examples during that period when licensing an engine was less common.
In 1999/2000 I worked on my own Thief levels using the dromed editor - it was both really fun to work with, and utterly frustrating - in a time before open source engines - there were so many small annoying bugs in the editor that would cause it to crash, so you SAVED often and even learned to version files as it was easy to screw up.
But the geometry that could be created was stunning - from courtyards to cathedrals, levels allowed clever use of light and shadow.
New gigantic maps full of secrets, style faithful to the original, weird universe, new story with cutscenes and voice acting. https://www.ttlg.com/forums/showthread.php?t=152429
I am not affiliated, just a fan.
It's wasteful to do this expensive filtering and blending every frame since the player typically sees those blended textures for a large number of frames when they're traversing the environment, so you keep a LRU cache of blended textures around. That's the surface cache.
Hundreds of missions, an amazing Radiant fork maintained by the team, as well as an active and passionate community. They are awesome.
I think what modern games have lost, that some of these late 90s titles absolutely nailed (Thief in particular), is the sound design and ambiance, which is just so dang evocative. Even the smallest incidental sounds had so much character. Picking up an item, pulling a lever, footsteps on the floor.
Modern games use such flat sounds for everything. Sure it's more realistic, at the cost of character and vibe.
If memory serves, the only thing my 3dfx Voodoo3 could do that software-only mode could not was surface reflections. Maybe something with colored lighting too, it's been a long time. Point is, it was a decent enough substitute for dedicated graphics hardware.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=npMujOQsjGQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1tXepGXDDM
https://www.filfre.net/2025/10/a-looking-glass-half-empty-pa...
But the geometry that could be created was stunning - from courtyards to cathedrals, levels allowed clever use of light and shadow.